Photograph of Santorini caldera from the air. The caldera measures about 12 by 7 km (7.5 by 4.3 mi), with 300 m (980 ft) high steep cliffs on three sides. Pultec program equalizer eqp-1a. There are two small volcanic islands at the center of the caldera, and Palea ('Old') Kameni. The main island, Santorini has an area of 75.8 km 2 (29.3 sq mi) km2, Therasia 9.3 km 2 (3.6 sq mi), and the uninhabited islands of Nea Kameni 3.4 km 2 (1.3 sq mi), Palea Kameni 0.5 km 2 (0.19 sq mi) and Aspronisi 0.1 km 2 (0.039 sq mi). The extraordinary beauty of Santorini's high walls, draped by whitewashed villages, combined with a sunny climate and perfect observation conditions, have made it a magnet for volcanologists, as well as a highlight of tourism in the Aegean. The includes the volcanoes of Methana, Milos, Santorini and Nisyros. The volcanic complex of Santorini is the most active part of the, which includes the volcanoes of, Santorini and.
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It marks the subduction of the African underneath the Aegean subplate of the Eurasian tectonic plate, at a rate of up to 5 cm per year in a northeasterly direction. It is characterized by earthquakes at depths of 150–170 km. Non-volcanic rocks are exposed on Santorini at the Profitis Ilias Mountain, Mesa Vouno, the Gavrillos ridge, Pirgos, Monolithos and the inner side of the caldera wall between Cape Plaka and Athinios. The Kameni islands at the center of the caldera are made of lava rocks.
Volcanology. The caldera wall of Santorini island. The caldera is composed of overlapping shield volcanoes, cut by at least four partially overlapping calderas, of which the oldest southern caldera was formed about 180,000 years (BP), the subsequent Skaros caldera was created about 70,000 years BP, and the Cape Riva caldera about 21,000 years BP. The current caldera was formed about 3600 years BP during the. Palea Kameni and Nea Kameni were formed as a result of multiple, initially submarine eruptions at the center of the caldera. Although dormant, Santorini is an active volcano.
Numerous minor and medium-sized, mainly effusive eruptions have built the dark-colored lava shields of Nea and Palea Kameni inside the caldera. Their last eruption was in 1950, and now only activity, primarily inside the recently active craters, takes place. Instruments have registered renewed deformation around the caldera in 2011 and 2012. The huge of Santorini in the 17th century BC may have inspired the legend of, it was rated 7, the highest score for a historical eruption, in the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program's. Eruptive history Following is a list of the major eruptive events of Santorini beginning with the catastrophic Minoan eruption, as noted by the 's: Start date Stop date Characteristics of eruption 1610 BC ± 14 years (') Unknown Central vent eruption, regional eruption, and, extensive physical damage, massive and extensive, minor on the sea, caldera collapse, fatalities, mass evacuation. 197 BC Unknown Central vent eruption, regional fissure eruption, submarine eruption, new formation, explosive eruption.
Dec 31, 46 AD Feb 1, 47 AD ± 30 days Central vent eruption, regional fissure eruption, submarine eruption, new island formation, explosive eruption, lava flows, extrusion, tsunami. Jul 15 726 AD ± 45 days Unknown Central vent eruption, regional fissure eruption, submarine eruption, new island formation, explosive eruption, lava flows, lava dome extrusion, damage.
1570 1573 Central vent eruption, regional fissure eruption, submarine eruption, new island formation, explosive eruption, lava flows, lava dome extrusion. 27, 1650 Dec. 6, 1650 Flank (excentric) vent, regional fissure eruption, submarine eruption, new island formation, explosive eruption, lava flows, fatalities, damage, tsunami. May 23, 1707 Sep. 14, 1711 Central vent eruption, regional fissure eruption, submarine eruption, new island formation, explosive eruption, lava flows, lava dome extrusion, damage.
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26, 1866 Oct. 15, 1870 Central vent eruption, regional fissure eruption, submarine eruption, new island formation, explosive eruption, lava flows, lava dome extrusion, fatalities, damage, evacuation. 11, 1925 Mar. 17, 1928 Central vent eruption, regional fissure eruption, explosive eruption, phreatic explosions, lava flows, lava dome extrusion.
20, 1939 Jul. 2, 1941 ± 1 day Central vent eruption, regional fissure eruption, submarine eruption, explosive eruption, phreatic explosions, lava flows, lava dome extrusion, damage. 10, 1950 Feb.
2, 1950 Central vent eruption, regional fissure eruption, submarine eruption, explosive eruption, phreatic explosions, lava flows, lava dome extrusion. References.
Windy Point Vista In 27.2 miles the Sky Island Scenic Byway, northeast of Tucson, traverses through ecological niches ranging from the giant saguaro cacti of the Sonoran desert to shady conifer forests like those found in Canada. We enjoyed views of Tucson surrounded by saguaros at the Babed Do’ag Vista. The spectacular views of the Santa Catalina Mountains as we walked about Windy Point were inspiring. A tree skeleton framed against a mountain backdrop and a tall rocky spire near the road tickled my eye. Lemmon Ski Valley Snow remnants were present at this 6,600 foot elevation. We passed bicyclists going up and down this steep road through the Coronado National Forest that ends in the village of Summerhaven. Blackened trees from the 2003 Aspen Wildfire abut mountain cabins.
Sky Islands Caldera
We walked a short distance down a closed road listening to rushing water off the hillside. We backtracked through the village and took the side road to Sky Island’s Ski Valley, about 9,000 feet above sea level, and the southernmost downhill ski area in continental U.S. It officially closed on Tuesday although snow still covered the hillsides. We parked adjacent to the Iron Door Restaurant which was also closed.
After attending the SkyNights program atop Mt. Lemmon we descended the Sky Island Scenic Byway in deep darkness. Near the bottom a speeding car going up lost control, nearly flipping, and jolting our mental state back from otherworldly reverie.
Majestic views from the Valles Caldera - the scenic crown jewel of New Mexico - set to some glorious musical masterpieces. Please note that the photos in this video were taken from 2001-2009, and thus depict the caldera before the destruction of the Las Conchas Fire of 2011, the Thompson Ridge Fire of 2013, and the Cajete Fire of 2016, among others.
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The Jemez Mountains are still breathtaking, but the landscape looks different now. Therefore, this video should be considered to be an historical document showing the way the Jemez Mountains used to look - a document of heartfelt love for the sacred Jemez. The Valles Caldera is a 12-mile-wide collapsed volcanic crater with with lush and expansive high-altitude grassland valleys; towering mountain domes; verdant forests and woodlands; clear, sparkling streams; waterfalls; rivers carved through narrow, tall canyons; natural hot springs; red rock valleys; and some of the most stunning and isolated scenic beauty and wildlife in the Southwest. This crater, or caldera, was formed when the earth collapsed after a catastrophic volcanic eruption took place in the Jemez 1.2 million years ago. About 80% of these photos are from behind the gates of the Valles Caldera National Preserve (and all are within the rim of the volcanic Valles Caldera). Featuring the following music: 'Jupiter' from 'The Planets Suite' by Holst; 'Piano Concerto No.
II,' by Beethoven; '1812 Overture' by Tchaikovsky; 'The Tempest' by Tchaikovsky; Intermezzo from 'Cavalleria Rusticana' by Pietro Mascagni.
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